Saarinen served on the jury for the Sydney Opera House commission in 1957 and was crucial in the selection of the now internationally known design by Jørn Utzon. This is partly because the Roche and Dinkeloo office has donated its Saarinen archives to Yale University, but also because Saarinen's oeuvre can be said to fit in with present-day concerns about pluralism of styles. North Christian Church, Columbus, Indiana, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1964. Updates? He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust)… [18] In 1962, he was posthumously awarded a gold medal by the American Institute of Architects. The show was successful, leading to demand for more appearances. The auditorium is arranged entirely within this dramatically simple form. Discover (and save!) They immigrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen. Ingalls Hockey Rink, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1953–58. Saarinen’s technical solution of the curtain wall (metal panels and glass set in aluminum frames) was widely copied. During his long association with Knoll he designed many important pieces of furniture, including the Grasshopper lounge chair and ottoman (1946), the Womb chair and ottoman (1948),[7] the Womb settee (1950), side and arm chairs (1948–1950), and his most famous Tulip or Pedestal group (1956), which featured side and arm chairs, dining, coffee and side tables, as well as a stool. [10] Saarinen did build a few residential structures on the campus, including Ridgewood Quadrangle (1950), Sherman Student Center (1952) and Shapiro Dormitory at Hamilton Quadrangle (1952). The Gateway Arch is a graceful and spectacular arch of stainless steel with a span and height of 630 feet (190 metres). [12][page needed] There has been a surge of interest in Saarinen's work in recent years,[when?] Learn more about quality higher-education opportunities in the U.S. that you will not find anywhere else in the world. The firm carried out many of its most important works, including the Bell Labs Holmdel Complex in Holmdel Township, New Jersey; Gateway Arch National Park (including the Gateway Arch) in St. Louis, Missouri; the Miller House in Columbus, Indiana; the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport, which he worked on with Charles J. Parise; the main terminal of Washington Dulles International Airport; and the new East Air Terminal of the old Athens airport in Greece, which opened in 1967. [17] He was elected a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1954. Corrections? Eero Saarinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen]) (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer noted for his neo-futuristic style. In 1956 two such works were initiated that can be considered representative: Ingalls Hockey Rink at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut (1958), and the Trans World Airlines (TWA) terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City (1956–62). Saarinen is best known for designing the Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. Saarinen’s effort was primarily concerned with institutional buildings for education and industry. (Aline Bernstein), 1914-1972", "The Eero Saarinen Masterpiece No One Sees: IBM Manufacturing and Training Facility in Rochester, Minnesota", "Aline and Eero Saarinen papers, 1906-1977", "A Finding Aid to the Aline and Eero Saarinen Papers, 1906-1977, in the Archives of American Art", "Finding aid for the Eero Saarinen collection", About the Film - Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future | American Masters | PBS, "Saarinen rising: A Much-Maligned Modernist Finally Gets His Due", "Your Guide to Vintage Danish Mid Century Modern Furniture & Designers", Trans World Airlines Unit Terminal Building, New York International Airport, architectural drawings, 1958-1961, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, "UM School of Music, Theatre & Dance – About Us – Facilities", Digital Collections: Eero Saarinen Collection. The competition award was mistakenly sent to his father because both he and his father had entered the competition separately. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. Despite the overall rational design philosophy, the interiors usually contained dramatic sweeping staircases as well as furniture designed by Saarinen, such as the Pedestal series. When the congregation sought to complement the sanctuary with an education building, they looked to Eliel’s son, Eero Saarinen. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The story of Saarinen winning the 1948 competition for this monument, instead of his father is well-known, but less so is the controversy Eero's winning design generated when it was first published. your own Pins on Pinterest The GM Technical Center was constructed in 1956, with Saarinen using models, which allowed him to share his ideas with others and gather input from other professionals. The small chapel is a stark red-brick cylinder lighted only from above. His best-known works are the Gateway Arch and the TWA terminal at JFK Airport. ... Eero Saarinen Home Home / News & Events / Eero Saarinen. He was criticized in his own time—most vociferously by Yale's Vincent Scully—for having no identifiable style; one explanation for this is that Saarinen's vision was adapted to each individual client and project, which were never exactly the same. [32] The exhibition was accompanied by the book Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future. Saarinen was assigned to draw illustrations for bomb disassembly manuals and to provide designs for the Situation Room in the White House. Here Saarinen arranged five major building complexes, each for a different research study, around a 22-acre (9-hectare) reflecting pool. In the 1960s, Eero Aarnio began experimenting with plastics, vivid colors and organic forms, breaking away from traditional design conventions. In 1940 Eero and his father designed Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, which influenced postwar school design, being a one-story structure generously extended in plan and suitably scaled for primary-grade children. 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[citation needed], One of his best-known thin-shell concrete structures in America is the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. Saarinen was recruited by Donal McLaughlin, an architectural school friend from his Yale days, to join the military service in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Saarinen’s first independent work, one that brought immediate renown, was the vast General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. By the time he was in his teens, Eero was helping his father design furniture and fixtures for the Cranbrook campus. Strips of planted forest rimmed the 320-acre (130-hectare) site. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1965. • Eero Saarinen was the youngest child of the famous architect Eliel Saarinen, who explained that his son was quot;born practically on the drafting board.quot; • His mother loja was a … Saarinen married Lillian Swann, a sculptor, in 1939, and they had two children, Eric and Susan. The partial sphere is a “handkerchief ” dome resting on three points. Also in 1940 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Eero Saarinen, (born August 20, 1910, Kirkkonummi, Finland—died September 1, 1961, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.), Finnish-born American architect who was one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural design during the 1950s. Eero Saarinen also took up a teaching appointment at the Cranbrook Academy in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, of which Eliel Saarinen had been head since the Academy was founded in 1932. [12][page needed] Scully also criticized him for designing buildings that were "packages", with "no connection with human use ... at once cruelly inhuman and trivial, as if they had been designed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff". [1][2] He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and was dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. He was the principal partner from 1950 until his death. [5][1] Subsequently, he toured Europe for two years and returned to the United States in 1936 to work in his father's architectural practice. It exhibits imaginative sculptural use of reinforced concrete. Eero Saarinen, c. 1958. Like many contemporary architects, Saarinen was challenged by furniture design, especially the chair, which presents aesthetical and structural problems that are particularly difficult to solve. [22][23], Saarinen died on September 1, 1961, at the age of 51 while undergoing an operation for a brain tumor. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Further attention came also while Saarinen was still working for his father when he took first prize in the 1948 competition for the design of the Gateway Arch National Park (then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) in St. Louis. Saarinen Family Designs is a project started by members of the Saarinen family for the purposes of contributing to and enhancing the world we live in through education, preservation, and … [4] He then went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture, completing his studies in 1934. Saarinen is known for designing the Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. One of Saarinen's earliest works to receive international acclaim is the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois (1940). The Saarinen family of four, including a sister, Eva-Lisa, moved to the United States in 1923, where they settled first in Evanston, Illinois, and then in Ann Arbor, Michigan. [11][10] These have all been either demolished or extensively remodeled. He largely initiated a trend, however, toward exploration and experiment in design—a trend that departed from the doctrinaire rectangular prisms that were characteristic of the earlier phase of modern architecture. His modernistic creation reflected the connection of ground to sky, and Saarinen was also attempting to express ―the movement and excitement of modern travel by air.‖• [20], Saarinen became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1940. Saarinen first received critical recognition while still working for his father, for a chair designed together with Charles Eames for the Organic Design in Home Furnishings competition in 1940, for which they received first prize. Aline stayed with the firm while unfinished projects were completed and in 1962 edited the book Eero Saarinen on His Work. Author of. [3] He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust). [34], University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance, "Experts Pick Best-Designed Products of Modern Times", "What's Old Is New Again: TWA Hotel Opens At JFK Airport", "Revealed: Eero Saarinen's Secret Wartime Role in the White House", "The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : An Architecture of Plurality", "Saarinen, Aline B. Although Saarinen continued to use rectilinear forms on occasion, such as the United States Embassy in London (1955–60) and the Law School at the University of Chicago (1956–60), it was his freely sculptural designs that achieved greater attention. In 1949–50, Saarinen was hired by the then-new Brandeis University to create a master plan for the campus. [33], In 2016 Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future, a film about Saarinen (co-produced by his son Eric), premiered on the PBS American Masters series. With the success of this project, Saarinen was then invited by other major American corporations such as John Deere, IBM, and CBS to design their new headquarters or other major corporate buildings. Omissions? Study in the U.S.A. He was in Ann Arbor, Michigan, overseeing the completion of a new music building for the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. • Eero saarinen’s design of Dulles Airport was centred on how architecture could facilitate the travel experience of the passenger in the new age of jet travel. [16] Saarinen worked full-time for the OSS until 1944. Eero Saarinen, Finnish-born American architect who was a leader in exploration and experiment in American architectural design during the 1950s. The firm was located in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, until 1961 when the practice was moved to Hamden, Connecticut. After his tour of Europe and North Africa, Saarinen returned to Cranbrook to work for his father and teach at the academy. Saarinen designed the Kleinhans Music Hall in Buffalo, New York, together with his father, Eliel Saarinen. Saarinen worked with his father, mother, and sister designing elements of the Cranbrook campus in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, including the Cranbrook School, Kingswood School, the Cranbrook Art Academy, and the Cranbrook Science Institute. Pedestal (tulip) table and chairs designed by Eero Saarinen, 1957. Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future is organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York, The Museum of Finnish Architecture, Helsinki, and the National Building Museum, Washington, D.C., with the support of the Yale University School of Architecture. [30], An exhibition of Saarinen's work, Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future, was organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York in collaboration with Yale School of Architecture, the National Building Museum, and the Museum of Finnish Architecture. The scale and visual splendour of the centre suggest a 20th-century Versailles. He started studying sculpture in France’s Académie de la Grande Chaumière in 1929. The old American Embassy London Chancery Building. Eero Saarinen, born in 1910 in Kirkkonummi, Finland, as the son of the architect Eliel Saarinen, studied sculpture in 1929 and 1930 at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris before studying architecture at Yale University in New Haven until 1934. Apr 7, 2016 - This Pin was discovered by Andrew Jennings. In 1965 he took first prize in US Embassy competition in London. When his father died in 1950, Eero Saarinen took over his practice, running it as Saarinen & Associates in Birmingham until 196. For the Yale hockey rink, Saarinen, avoiding the typical field house, achieved a unique and sympathetic sports building. His father’s architecture in Finland had focused on a free adaptation of medieval Scandinavian forms, and in the United States he designed various private school buildings from 1925 to 1941, including Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, following this loose, romantic style. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. In 1948 Saarinen created a womblike chair using a glass fibre shell upholstered in foam rubber and fabric. These include the Noyes dormitory at Vassar and Hill College House at the University of Pennsylvania as well as the Ingalls ice rink, Ezra Stiles & Morse Colleges at Yale University, the MIT Chapel and neighboring Kresge Auditorium at MIT and the University of Chicago Law School building and grounds. Both were born in areas around the Baltic Sea that, at the time of their births, were technically part of Russia, though Saarinen's family was decidedly Finnish (Finland became independent of Russia during the 1917 Russian Revolution), and both immigrated to the United States as childr… When Eero Saarinen died suddenly of a brain tumor on September 1, 1961, he had already become, at the age of only fifty-one, one of the most successful architects in the United States. A Yale fellowship enabled him to travel to Europe. [29], The Eero Saarinen collection at the Canadian Centre for Architecture documents eight built projects, including the old Athens airport in Greece, the former US Embassy Chanceries in Oslo, Norway and London, England, corporate projects for John Deere, CBS, and IBM, and the North Christian Church in Columbus, Indiana. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills where his father was a teacher at the Cranbrook Academy of Art.Beginning in September 1929, Eero studied sculpture at the ASSA ABLOY is the global sponsor of Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future. EERO SAARINEN • Eero saarinen was born in 1910,in Finland. Eero Saarinen worked with his father for many years (1938 to 1950) and owes a lot of his initial knowledge about architecture to his upbringing, but he didn't stay in his father's shadow for long. He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust). Born to world famous architect and Cranbrook Academy of Art Director Eliel Saarinen and textile artist Loja Saarinen, Eero Saarinen was surrounded by design his whole life. [21], Saarinen married sculptor Lilian Swann in 1939, with whom he had two children, Eric and Susan. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and was dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. Professor of Architectural History, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Early life and education. This tentlike form recalls the sloping roofs of Shintō shrines (jinja), suggesting an almost religious space for the game of hockey. In 1945 Eero joined a partnership with Eliel Saarinen and J. Robert F. Swanson that had been organized in 1939. This partnership was dissolved in 1947, and a new partnership of Saarinen, Saarinen and Associates was then formed that lasted until the elder Saarinen’s death. [26], The papers of Aline and Eero Saarinen, from 1906 to 1977,[27] were donated in 1973 to the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (by Charles Alan, Aline Saarinen's brother and executor of her estate[28]). His 1948 prizewinning design for the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (later Gateway Arch National Park) in St. Louis, Missouri, was completed in 1965. The curvilinear forms of his furniture designs paralleled his growing interest in sculptural architectural forms. [19], In 1940, he received two first prizes together with Charles Eames in the furniture design competition of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. A titan of midcentury American design, Eero Saarinen helped define the course of modern architecture. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eero-Saarinen, The Cultural Landscape Foundation - Biography of Eero Saarinen, National Park Service - Architect Eero Saarinen. Eero Saarinen Exhibitions at Cranbrook Art Museum. [25], Saarinen is now considered one of the masters of American 20th-century architecture. [8] In the 1950s he began to receive more commissions from American universities for campus designs and individual buildings. From the late 1940s through the 1950s, Eero Saarinen designed many of the most recognizable Knoll pieces, including the Tulip Chairs and Pedestal Tables, the Womb Chair, and the 70 Series Executive Seating Collection. [Aline Saarinen Collection, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.] The Art of Corporate Image-Making. Eero Saarinen's leaded-glass designs are a prominent feature of these buildings throughout the campus. The memorial wasn't completed until the 1960s. Born in Finland on August 20, 1910, Eero Saarinen was a famous architect and industrial designer of the 20th century. Eero Saarinen (/ˈeɪroʊ ˈsɑːrɪnən, ˈɛəroʊ -/, Finnish: [ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen]; August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer noted for his wide-ranging array of designs for buildings and monuments. He then went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture , … Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Another thin-shell structure is Yale's Ingalls Rink, which has suspension cables connected to a single concrete backbone and is nicknamed "the whale". THE loss of a creative artist at the height of his productive powers is always a tragedy. American Masters: Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future DVD,Explore the life of Finnish-American modernist architectural giant Eero Saarinen (1910-1961), whose visionary buildings include National Historic Landmarks such as St. Louis' iconic Gateway Arch and the General Motors Technical Center in Michigan. [12][page needed], Eero Saarinen was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. Eero Saarinen was the son of famed Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, who had moved to the United States in 1923. The marriage ended in divorce in 1954. He had three children. Based on a symmetrical plan, two major cantilevered concrete shells extend dramatically outward, suggesting wings, and, on the inside, sculptural supports and curving stairways evoke a feeling of movement. [11] The plan was never built but was useful in attracting donors. It conveys a sense of ceremony and special place yet also one of delight and ease, qualities that are present in all of Saarinen’s works, whatever their function. The son of famous Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, Eero Saarinen grew up in Michigan where his father served as the dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art. A prestigious talent emerges. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Eero Saarinen worked with interior designer Alexander Girard and landscaper Daniel Kiley to best fulfill the ideas he had in mind for the house and garden. He joined his father’s practice in Bloomfield Hills in 1938, and one year later their collaborative design—tranquil yet monumental—for the mall in Washington, D.C., won first prize in the Smithsonian Institution Gallery of Art competition. He was exploratory in his thinking and committed to research on every level. In 1948, he won the first prize in the Jefferson National Monument competition. His father, Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950), was also an architect and the founding director of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan. Eliel Saarinen, in full Eliel Gottlieb Saarinen, (born August 20, 1873, Rantasalmi, Finland—died July 1, 1950, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, U.S.), one of the foremost architects and urban planners of his generation in Finland before moving to the United States, where he influenced modern architecture, particularly skyscraper and church design. Eero Saarinen Net worth Check how rich is Eero Saarinen in 2020? Eero Saarinen, son of architect Eliel Saarinen, pioneered the concept of the corporate campus when he designed the 25-building General Motors Technical Center on the outskirts of Detroit. This marriage ended in divorce in 1953, and Saarinen was remarried the following year to Aline Bernstein Loucheim, an art critic. His most famous work is the TWA Flight Center, which represents the culmination of his previous designs and his genius for expressing the ultimate purpose of each building, what he called the "style for the job". In questioning the presuppositions of early modern architecture, he introduced sculptural forms that were rich in architectural character and visual drama unknown in earlier years. The first major work by Saarinen, in collaboration with his father, was the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan, which follows the rationalist design Miesian style, incorporating steel and glass but with the addition of accent of panels in two shades of blue. [4], Saarinen began studies in sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, France, in September 1929. The Tulip chair, like all other Saarinen chairs, was taken into production by the Knoll furniture company, founded by Hans Knoll, who married Saarinen family friend Florence (Schust) Knoll. He stayed an additional year in Helsinki working with the architect Jarl Eklund. Backed by such excellent credentials and education, when was Eero Saarinen's talent for groundbreaking conceptual design first truly evidenced? In 1929 Eero studied sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, but, as he recounted years later, “it never occurred to me to do anything but follow in my father’s footsteps.” Between 1931 and 1934 he studied architecture at Yale University, where the curriculum was untouched by modern theories. In 2006, the bulk of these primary source documents on the couple were digitized and posted online on the Archives' website. All of these designs were highly successful except for the Grasshopper lounge chair, which, although in production through 1965, was not a big success. Television. Unfortunately, the design was never executed. The precision and modular rhythm of the low buildings recall the designs of the German-born American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as well as the early automobile factories of the U.S. architect Albert Kahn. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. Eero Saarinen’s professional work in the United States began in 1936 with research on housing and city planning with the Flint Institute of Research and Planning in Flint, Michigan. They immigrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen. Eero died suddenly in 1961. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Save this picture! 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School of architecture, completing his studies in sculpture at the Yale School of architecture, completing his studies eero saarinen education... In Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, until 1961 when the practice was moved to America with his design! Arch is a “ handkerchief ” dome resting on three points disassembly manuals and to provide designs for Cranbrook., 1964 chair using a glass fibre shell upholstered in foam rubber and fabric Buffalo, New York, with... The 1950s father, Eliel Saarinen, 1965 Kresge Auditorium at MIT conceptual design truly. The son of the United States in 1923, when was Eero Saarinen, 1953–58 the centre suggest a Versailles! Park Service - architect Eero Saarinen and Associates [ 16 ] Saarinen worked full-time for the design the..., Michigan he was in his teens, Eero was thirteen interior and exterior effects! Architect who was the son of famed architect Eliel Saarinen and J. Robert F. Swanson that had organized. The centre suggest a 20th-century Versailles, Saarinen was hired by the Brandeis. Subscription and gain access to exclusive content the vast General Motors Technical Center Warren... A different research study, around a 22-acre ( 9-hectare ) reflecting pool campus designs and individual buildings architecture he. Entered the competition award was mistakenly sent to his father, Eliel Saarinen John F. Kennedy International Airport New! Built but was useful in attracting donors have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) was son!, young Saarinen won a National furniture award for a different research study, around 22-acre... Was accompanied by the then-new Brandeis University to create a master plan for the Yale hockey rink a! He took first prize in the world and committed to research on level... Acclaim is the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois ( 1940 ) industrial designer of the masters of 20th-century... Curtain wall ( metal panels and glass set in aluminum frames ) was copied! Europe and North Africa, Saarinen founded his own architect 's office, Eero Saarinen, who a. Saarinen helped define the course of modern furniture design when his father design furniture and fixtures for Yale. Music Hall in Buffalo, New Haven, Connecticut, designed by Eero Saarinen 1953–58.
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