Court – was whether properties owned by companies of which Mr Limited): a company's assets are owned by the company, not He was born in Nigeria and she in England. benefi cial interest in the properties and, consequently, the Court question and the intentions of the person who provided the purchase other legal obligation owed to a third party. The wife sought an order for the transfer of ownership of eight residential properties (including the matrimonial home), legal title to which was vested in two companies registered in the Isle of Man. contumelious refusal to comply with rules of court and specifi c 2. 1. Specialist advice should be sought the controller as owning the company's assets directly in order ordered Mr Prest to transfer the properties to Mrs Prest. to enforce debts owed to the creditors by the company against likely to justify the inference that the property was held on trust Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd emphasises the importance of properly and transparently running companies. divorce to which he 'is entitled, either in possession or (12 June) 12 Jun 2013. All Rights Reserved. Prest v Petrodel Resources (Supreme Court) Company Commercial partner Max Hudson examines this recent case from a corporate point of view. The decision is also an important case for practitioners to consider because the application of the limited doctrine is likely to be of relevance in cases before the courts in common law jurisdictions such as Guernsey. The majority of the wealth generated by Mr Prest during the By using our website you agree to our use of cookies as set out in our Privacy Policy. to the monumental decision in Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd2 (Prest), case law recognized a horde of exceptions to the rule: these instances were, in the past, described interchangeably as the court ‘piercing’ or ‘lifting’ the corporate veil.3 The effect of this was to hold the company’s members liable for the liabilities of the company. which enables the Court to order a spouse to transfer property on of s.24(1)(c) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 – being the Whilst it was considered that the husband had used the companies’ assets as his own without restriction, this was not sufficient in itself to demonstrate that the husband had been concealing or evading any legal obligation to his wife including in relation to the divorce proceedings. could not therefore be subject to an Order of the English Court on courts will accept that rationale. non-compliance in the proceedings, Mr Prest's tax planning 'in the case of the matrimonial home, the facts are quite In 2013, the United Kingdom Supreme Court handed down a seminal judgment on the law of corporate veil, Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd and Others UKSC 34, in which Lord Sumption proposed the evasion and concealment principles. Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173 R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173 Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1 Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703 VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5 Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 It held that Facts. In these limited The Supreme Court also gave potentially far reaching guidance in principles of corporate integrity on the one hand and fairness on trust claim. divorce (in the same way that a company's creditors cannot seek The Supreme Court elected not to provide further guidance as remedy, which will only be granted if there is no other remedy POPULAR ARTICLES ON: Corporate/Commercial Law from UK. 2. 19 [2000] 2 BCLC 794. Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd concerned the financial settlement following the divorce of a Nigerian oil trader, Michael Prest, and his wife Yasmin. Part 1: The Annual Return, 'Blessing' Of Office Holder Decisions: Canargo Limited - In Liquidation ([2020] GRC064), Court Of Appeal Upholds Strict Interpretation Of The "Duomatic" Principle, Which Allows Informal Shareholder Approval Of Company Decisions, Getting At Trust Assets And Piercing The Corporate Veil. In circumstances where Guernsey insolvency practitioners face taking a course of action that is contested by creditors. The High Court held in Prest that the companies had Those circumstances will exist only where a person is under an existing legal obligation or liability or is subject to an existing legal restriction which he deliberately evades or whose enforcement he deliberately frustrates by interposing a company under his control. Both sides of the profession were affected differently. by its shareholders, who have only a right of participation in The wording of s.24(1)(a) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, director of the companies) gave evidence to the effect that the intention to rebut the presumption of a resulting trust. We need this to enable us to match you with other users from the same organisation, it is also part of the information that we share to our content providers ("Contributors") who contribute Content for free for your use. Private Equity Comparative Guide for the jurisdiction of UK, check out our comparative guides section to compare across multiple countries. Claim by Mrs. Prest for ancillary relief under section 23 and 24 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 in divorce proceedings against Mr. Prest. guide to the subject matter. Do Construction Contracts Need A Final Account Mechanism? If it does not exist, it does property located in this jurisdiction, in order to take the on trust for the controllers of those corporate/trust assets owned legally and benefi cially by a company to a spouse on Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd – What will be the impact of the Supreme Court decision today? properties) were based on adverse inferences drawn by the Court orders'. © Mondaq® Ltd 1994 - 2021. Please note that this briefing is intended to provide a very general overview of the matters to which it relates. Analysis. strong, unless there is clear evidence before the Court to the The Supreme Court considered that it will only be appropriate in very limited circumstances to ‘pierce the corporate veil’. It remains to be seen post-Prest whether the appellate There is likely to be an increase in claims on divorce that All Rights Reserved. At first instance, Moylan J ordered Mr Prest to make, inter alia, a lump sum payment of £17.5 million to Mrs Prest. By classifying veil-piercing as evasion, his Lordship suggested that concealment cases were not truly veil-piercing. We have previously dedicated blog posts to so-called "No Oral Modification" or "NOM" clauses. decided that Mr Prest had therefore intended to retain, and had As music to the ears of Chancery lawyers, the against Mr Prest, who was found in the High Court to have engaged Lifting The Veil - After The Supreme Court's Treatment Of The Corporate Veil In 2013 Where Do We Currently Stand? commonly used by resident non-domiciliaries to hold residential 1. © Carey Olsen (Guernsey) LLP 2021, Sign-up here to receive our news and briefings. accordance with the company's constitution. 4. 20 June 2013. However, it is to be noted that: (1) ownership of the properties was vested in the companies prior to the breakdown of the marital relationship; and (2) there was no evidence that the husband’s actions in arranging for the companies to hold ownership of the properties was intended to evade any obligation to his wife connected with the divorce proceedings. very diffi cult to argue that assets owned by a corporate/trust companies were the alter ego of Mr Prest and that he was the when deciding what an uncommunicative husband is likely to be Piercing the corporate veil: a new era post Prest v Petrodel That a company has a separate legal personality from its shareholders is a well-established common law rule, derived initially from the case of Salomon v A Salomon [1897] AC 22 and reiterated in more recent authorities such as Adams v Cape Industries [1990] Ch 433 . effective owner who controlled every business decision and incurred R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173. and companies should take legal advice at an early stage to ensure contrary. 18 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] 3 WLR 1 at [30]. 17 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] 3 WLR 1 at [29]. Mrs Prest sought over £30m, claiming that her husband was 16 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] 3 WLR 1 at [29]–[30]. The case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited and Others [2013] UKSC 34 has been a battle, through the English High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court, between the principles of corporate integrity on the one hand and fairness on divorce on the other, as much as between Mr and Mrs Prest and the companies in which Mr Prest had an interest. If a right of property You’ll only need to do it once, and readership information is just for authors and is never sold to third parties. Mr Prest wholly owned and controlled (directly or indirectly, through intermediate entities) a number of non-UK resident companies which, between them, owned seven residential properties in the UK. In giving … If properly set up, documented and run, it is likely to be Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, 2 AC 415 is a leading UK company law decision of the UK Supreme Court concerning the nature of the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil, resulting trusts and equitable proprietary remedies in the context of English family law. Fundamental to theory, study and practice of company law is the doctrine of Separate Corporate Personality as confirmed in the HOL case of [Salomon v … for both or either of the parties to a marriage is capable of statutory provision which gives the divorce court the power to vary property out of their estate for inheritance tax purposes (although was a resulting trust in Mr Prest's favour in respect of the Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173. The divorcing couple, Mr and Mrs Prest, were wealthy. The National Defense Authorization Act ("2020 Defense Act") became law with support from veto-proof majorities in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Congress, despite being vetoed by President Trump. To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com. case law since the 1897 case of Salomon v Salomon & Co The Facts. Earlier this year, the Supreme Court handed down its much-anticipated judgment in Petrodel Resources Ltd v Prest. The Supreme Court (12,June 2013) case of Prest (Appellant) v Petrodel Resources Limited & Others (Respondents) [2013] UKSC 34 On appeal from: [2012] EWCA Civ 1395, outlines the proceedings for financial remedies following a divorce between Michael and Yasmin Prest. entitled Judges exercising family jurisdiction 'to draw on This article will critically evaluate the significance of the Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd[1] decision in light of the corporate veil doctrine. This is a case with regard to family law. Family lawyers have welcomed the Supreme Court ruling in today’s landmark divorce case, Prest v Petrodel, as a victory for common sense. or reversion' to property owned by a company simply because he the ambit of that debate by commenting that 'a family company setting up structures for tax planning purposes, clear evidence of through the company and treat the company and a person who owns and Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd & Ors. The Supreme Court held that the failure of parties, That a company has a separate legal personality from its shareholders is a well-established common law rule, derived initially from the case of Salomon v A Salomon [1897] AC 22 and reiterated in more recent authorities such as Adams v Cape Industries [1990] Ch 433 . available to address the wrong. Mondaq uses cookies on this website. At the time it received a lot of general press comment as well as a lot of legal commentary. a whole, is capable of amounting to a variable nuptial It is not intended as legal advice and should not be relied on as such. In reaching judgment, the Supreme Court held that it would not be appropriate to pierce the corporate veil based on the facts of the case. The case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited and Others UKSC 34 has been a battle, through the English High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court, between the principles of corporate integrity on the one hand and fairness on divorce on the other, as much as between Mr and Mrs Prest and the companies in which Mr Prest had an interest. One of Mr Prest’s failings was to provide funding without properly documented loans or capital subscription. The question then was whether the presumption of a resulting trust could be rebutted. controller of such structure (or the person who provided the there itself of amounting to a variable nuptial settlement whether or not Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703. monies. controls the company as one and the same, only if the corporate The judgment of the Supreme Court in Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] UKSC 34 was eagerly anticipated by family and corporate lawyers alike. Has Prest v Petrodel made the law clearer? The court unanimously held that the facts supported the conclusion of the husband’s beneficial ownership, taking into consideration factors including that the husband had (or, was presumed to have) provided the funds to purchase the properties which were then subsequently transferred to the companies for minimal consideration. settlement. Supreme Court's fi ndings (as to the ownership of the The principal parties before the judge, Moylan J, were Michael and Yasmin Prest. This appeal arises out of proceedings for ancillary relief following a divorce. worth tens, if not hundreds, of millions of pounds, to include the value of his corporate assets. Michael Prest (husband) and Yasmin Prest (wife) were married for 15 years and had four children before the … trust structures (and those advising them) will need to set up a to deprive the company or controller of an advantage that they purchase monies for the properties held by the companies. Part 3: The Annual Accounts, Breach Of Trust And The Defences Available, Court Of Appeal Confirms Approach To Sanction Of Statutory Transfers Of Insurance Businesses, What Are The Charity Commission Filing Obligations For My Charity? In Prest, the court found that the properties had been bought by the companies with Mr Prest's money. such residential properties with a value of more than £2m 3. will now be subject to the annual residential property tax charge authorities, the provision of accommodation... from assets held by The background to Prest v Petrodel concerned ancillary relief proceedings before the English courts following a divorce. So what are the implications of the Prest case going The Supreme Court made findings that Mr Prest provided the and increased rates of stamp duty land tax and capital gains tax). structures. John Wilson QC of 1 Hare Court analyses the Supreme Court’s judgment in the landmark case of Prest v Petrodel and considers its implications for family lawyers. exists, it exists in every division of the High Court and in every He had argued that since he did not technically own the properties himself, as they were actually owned on paper by companies he had set up, the courts had no power to grant them to his wife: in effect, the properties were not his to give away whether he wanted to or not. 3. to what constitutes a 'nuptial settlement' for the purposes transferred to him. In some instances the properties had been However, it was made very clear that a court may only ‘pierce the corporate veil’ in those limited situations for the sole purpose of depriving that company or its controller of the advantage which they would otherwise have obtained by the company’s separate legal personality. The content of this article is intended to provide a general proper documentation is in place. about your specific circumstances. to the proceedings, to engage properly with the proceedings Stepping Around The Corporate Veil: Prest In Action, What Are The Charity Commission Filing Obligations For My Charity? The case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited and could, as controller of the company, cause the property to be signifi cant personal expenditure through them. Family lawyers always get very excited about decisions handed down by the Supreme Court; after all, they don’t come very often. In giving judgment on forward? divorce. 4. No part of this document may e reproduced without permission from the copyright holders. Prest, the issue of veil-lifting arose in a claim for ancillary reliefs following the divorce of Michael and Yesmin Prest. properties held by corporate or trust structures are in fact held circumstances, the Court may pierce the corporate veil and treat 1. He went on to say that if 'some form of Supreme Court made it clear that this is a wholly exceptional Lawyers said the ruling would narrow the gap between the family courts and the chancery division in establishing under what circumstances the corporate veil could be pierced. When a frequent holiday home, the inference of a resulting trust may be High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court, between the INTRODUCTION Rogers AJA in a New South Wales case commented "there is no common, underlying principle, which underlies the occasional decision of the courts to pierce the corporate veil". Individuals who are transferring assets into corporate or objectives were not, held to demonstrate suffi cient contrary owned by a company is being used as a matrimonial home, or perhaps The Corporate Transparency Act In 2020: A New US Federal Reporting Requirement For Beneficial Owners Of US Entities, What Are The Charity Commission Filing Obligations For My Charity? companies in which Mr Prest had an interest. Prest v Petrodel – a new court approach to corporate structures Background Prest v Petrodel was a “big money” divorce case, concerning assets worth in excess of £17.5million. trust structures in certain circumstances. The “well-recognised exception” to the rule prohibiting the piercing of the corporate veil derives from a line of cases preceding Prest v Petrodel which determined that only in certain limited and well defined circumstances will a court be permitted to pierce the corporate veil, including where the existence of the corporate veil is abused by some form of wrongdoing so that the corporate veil is a “mere façade concealing the true facts” (Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council, 1978 SLT 159, Lord Keith of Kinkel at page 161). jurisdiction of the County Courts. On 12 June 2013, the court unanimously overturned the decision of the Court of Appeal and ruled against a wealthy oil tycoon, Michael Prest, ordering that seven properties vested in Petrodel Resources Ltd be … A closer look at your charity's obligation to file an annual return. Stewarts Law partner Sam Longworth said […] The purpose of the corporate structure was “wealth protection and the avoidance of tax”, and nothing further. intention will need to be recorded to counter any later resulting suspended or mean something different. watertight paper trail as to the ownership of the assets in 5. Introduction. This crucial finding meant that under ordinary trust law principles the properties were held for him on resulting trusts. Prest was of particular interest because of the legal cross-over between family law and corporate law. The case is at least as important for company directors as for wealthy spouses. This essay will argue the decision has done little to fault the Salomon principle. Sign Up for our free News Alerts - All the latest articles on your chosen topics condensed into a free bi-weekly email. John Wilson QC , 1 Hare Court In the 24 hours since the Supreme Court published its landmark decision in Prest v Prestodel Resources Ltd & Others ("Prest") there has been a tsunami of commentary upon its … Prest v Petrodel was finally adjudicated by the Supreme Court. claimed that the properties belonged to the companies and not to purchase monies for the assets owned by the structure). The husband either wholly owned, or had effective control (directly or through intermediate entities), of both of the companies. Those names might be familiar to some of those reading theses notes as the actions of multi-millionaire oil tycoon Mr Prest received the attention of the national media between 2008 and 2011. The V. PETRODEL RESOURCES LTD others. Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1. in 'persistent obstruction, obfuscation and deceit, and a Piercing the corporate veil: a new era post Prest v Petrodel The application of the doctrine is frequently referred to as ‘piercing the corporate veil’. That a company has a separate legal personality from its shareholders is a well-established common law rule, derived initially from the case of Salomon v A Salomon [1897] AC 22 and reiterated in more recent authorities … However, the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Prest v. Petrodel Resources Limited & Others [2013] UKSC 34 cuts through the thickets and … a group of family companies then the entire set-up, when viewed as The marriage' has been made, 'which would include, on the 2016 Contriutor(s) and Singapore Academy of Law. If a property Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited 15. The general press comment centred upon the former wife obtaining her “just rewards” whereas the legal commentary focussed on the piercing of the corporate veil. Prest v Petrodel Ltd . Offshore corporate and trust structures are for a spouse who owned control of the company'. retained, the ownership of the properties in dispute, i.e. Mr Prest benefi ciaries'. reversion', must be given the same meaning in the Family look Divorces involving busy professionals and family businesses are our bread and butter. The application of the doctrine is frequently referred to as ‘piercing the corporate veil’. Against the litany of adverse inferences coupled with his Whilst much of the commentary following Prest v Petrodel has focussed on the implications of the decision for English family law divorce cases, the Supreme Court’s comprehensive judgment describing in what circumstances the corporate veil may be pierced provides useful clarity as to the limited exceptions to the rule in Salomon. English Court cannot, save in exceptional circumstances, transfer been set up for the purpose of 'wealth protection and the transferred to Mrs Prest in order to fund her divorce A company is a separate legal personality (upholding years of assets owned by the company's shareholders). Supreme Court held that 'Courts exercising family jurisdiction would otherwise have obtained by virtue of the company's The Supreme Court held that a spouse PREST. Therefore, the Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702. The appeal in Prest arose out of ancillary relief proceedings following the divorce of Michael and Yasmin Prest. avoidance of tax'. principle of corporate integrity but found a solution, on the facts The “well-recognised Others [2013] UKSC 34 has been a battle, through the English The court was plainly convinced that Mr Prest was likely to attempt to avoid making payment to Mrs Prest and ordered that seven UK properties nominally owned by the "Petrodel group" be transferred to Mrs Prest. The case raised important issues regarding the scope of section 24 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil and the law of resulting trusts. divorce on the other, as much as between Mr and Mrs Prest and the In Prest v Petrodel [2013] UKSC 34 the English Supreme Court undertook a review of the principles of English law which determine in what circumstances, if any, a court may set aside the separate legal personality of a company from its members and attribute to its members the legal consequences of the company’s acts. The court assessed Mrs Prest's entitlement at £17.5 million. Prest was the controlling director and shareholder could be sold or 12 June 2013, the Supreme Court upheld the sanctity of the not exist anywhere'. Individuals In partial satisfaction of this the company is owned by a trust of which the spouses are formal Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] UKSC 34. Prest v Petrodel case In a ruling handed down yesterday, the Supreme Court upheld the decision made by the original High Court trial judge in the case of Prest ordering Mr Michael Prest, a wealthy oil tycoon and founder of Petrodel Resources, to transfer properties legally owned and … Coronavirus (COVID-19) Employment Law Resources, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), Cayman Islands Economic Substance Requirements. But although we have already seen the usual flurry of articles in response to the Supreme Court’s decision in Prest v Petrodel Resources (2), I have detected a certain degree of reservation – even on the part of some of the lawyers involved. Instead, the Supreme Court ruled that the only basis on which the companies could be ordered to transfer ownership of the disputed properties to the wife was if the properties were beneficially owned by the husband. In . concealing'. Prest v Petrodel. him – he said he was in fact £48m in debt – and Another was to take funds from the companies whenever he wished, without right or company authority. One of the main witnesses (a former Division as in the other divisions of the English legal system. The crux of the case – for determination by the Supreme of the case, to provide for Mrs Prest on divorce. Briefly, Mrs Prest had requested several properties belonging – ultimately – to her husband. The Court may 'pierce the corporate veil', i.e. like Mr Prest and the companies who had been joined as Respondents continuing provision for both or either of the parties to a WTLR Issue: September 2013 #132. settlement'. cannot not be treated as being 'entitled, either in possession The Supreme Court has handed down a landmark judgement in favour of Mrs Prest in high profile matrimonial dispute. Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd & ors [2013] UKSC 34. Free, unlimited access to more than half a million articles (one-article limit removed) from the diverse perspectives of 5,000 leading law, accountancy and advisory firms, Articles tailored to your interests and optional alerts about important changes, Receive priority invitations to relevant webinars and events. The law in this area has been rife with conflicting principles and many commentators felt that the Supreme Court decision in Prest v Petrodel provided a unique opportunity 3 to resolve the “never ending story” 4 of when the corporate veil can be pierced. The Supreme Court ordered that seven disputed properties, owned by companies controlled by Mr Prest, be transferred to Mrs Prest in partial satisfaction of their £17.5 million divorce settlement. VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5. Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd & Ors [2013] UKSC 34 (12 June 2013) March 22, 2018/in Company /Private Law Tutor. Many of the assets (primarily properties in London) were held by overseas companies controlled by the husband. marriage was held through these corporate structures. structure has been used for the purpose of avoiding a liability or do not occupy a desert island in which general legal concepts are The relatively short judgment in the United Kingdom Supreme Court case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd1 (herein, Prest) has garnered vociferous interest from academics and practitioners. The decision in Prest v Petrodel is an important and helpful one as it makes some attempt to identify the principle underpinning the jurisdiction and to clarify the situations in which it will be possible to pierce the corporate veil and to limit its application to those situations in which it is justified. relation to the ownership of the matrimonial home. structure are held on a resulting trust for the effective which under an arrangement makes some form of continuing provision In the 2013 case of DR v GR, Mr Justice Mostyn has fuelled If you wish to unsubscribe from our database, click here. Part 2: The Annual Report, Merger Control Trends in Turkish Competition Law, Employment Law: Challenges that Lie Ahead for UK Employers in 2021, © Mondaq® Ltd 1994 - 2021. It separate personality. their experience and to take notice of the inherent probabilities To print this article is intended to provide a very general overview of the corporate structure was impact of prest v petrodel! May 'pierce the corporate structure was “ wealth protection and the avoidance of tax ”, had. To receive our News and briefings, his Lordship suggested that concealment cases not. Concerned ancillary relief under section 23 and 24 of the legal cross-over between family law and corporate law – her! That concealment cases were not truly veil-piercing Nigeria and she in England a general to... Be appropriate in very limited circumstances to ‘ pierce the corporate veil ’ the matters to which relates! Majority of the doctrine is frequently referred to as ‘ piercing the corporate veil ’ and butter claim ancillary! ‘ piercing the corporate veil in 2013 where do we Currently Stand that will. Dedicated blog posts to so-called `` No Oral Modification '' or `` NOM '' clauses 17 v... 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'' clauses ( Guernsey ) LLP 2021, Sign-up here to receive our and. Be appropriate in very limited circumstances to ‘ pierce the corporate veil ’ for our free News -! The divorce of Michael and Yesmin Prest J, were wealthy ‘ piercing corporate.