An increased risk of miscarriage is not linked to: Many women who have a miscarriage worry they'll have another if they get pregnant again. The majority of miscarriages are believed to be caused by genetic problems within the embryo that would prevent a baby from developing normally and surviving after birth. Miscarriage is hard for mothers as it is often later associated with anxiety, sadness, and guilt. Avoid eating foods like sausages, minced meat, … According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), it occurs in 10 percent of known pregnancies. There's some evidence to suggest it may also be linked to an increased risk of miscarriages in fertile women. Genetics accounts for about 50% of all early miscarriages. Most miscarriage causes are completely out of our control. Some of these include: Your habits as the mom-to-be can increase the risk of a pregnancy loss. Sometimes the cause of a … For example: Read more about foods to avoid in pregnancy. Sometimes something can go wrong at the point of conception and the foetus receives too many or not enough chromosomes. (It’s called “miscarriage” when the pregnancy ends before the 20th week). Medical Expert. Chromosomes are tiny structures inside the cells of the body that carry many genes, the basic units of heredity. Cause #2: Structural Abnormalities. Though a miscarriage might … The bacterial infection can cause miscarriage and also increase the risk of stillbirth and premature delivery. It does not necessarily mean there's any problem with you or your partner. If you're pregnant, you may be concerned about the risks of a miscarriage or pregnancy loss. READ MORE: What You … This is very unlikely to recur. If a miscarriage happens during the first trimester of pregnancy (the first 3 months), it's usually caused by problems with the unborn baby (foetus). A septum is an extra tissue that grows in the uterus and doesn’t have same blood supply as other tissues in the body. Try not to add guilt or self-blame to your emotional burden. Miscarriage is also known as pregnancy loss or spontaneous abortion. Between working with your doctor and making healthy lifestyle changes, you can rest easy knowing you've done everything you can to have a healthy pregnancy. Have regular prenatal visits so your doctor can help prevent and treat any problems early. If there's a problem with the development of the placenta, it can also lead to a miscarriage. 2. As the Mayo Clinic reports, approximately half of all miscarriages occur due to extra or missing chromosomes. Usually, these problems are not related to … Moore, K. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 9th edition, Saunders, 2011. The risk of having another miscarriage after the first one increases. Several prescription and over-the-counter medications can raise your chances of miscarriage and pregnancy loss, including: Several types of food poisoning during pregnancy can raise your risk for miscarriage or pregnancy loss. A man’s ability to father a baby also declines with age, though not as much as in women. Poorly controlled long-term diseases such as, Mercury released from broken thermometers or fluorescent light bulbs, Solvents such as paint thinners, degreasers, and stain and varnish removers, Pesticides for killing insects or rodents, Arsenic found near waste sites or in some well, Sitting or standing for reasonable amounts of time. What Causes Miscarriage? An early miscarriage may happen by chance. Most miscarriages occur because the fetus isn't developing normally. This is known as a weakened cervix or cervical incompetence. You may find your risks are not as great as you think. About half of these women stop bleeding and complete a normal pregnancy. It refers to the natural demise of the fetus or embryo before it is able to survive independently. A blighted ovum (7) is a condition arising due to a chromosomal abnormality, wherein an embryo does not develop. Both you and your partner should take a blood test to check for chromosomal abnormalities (known as … If you’ve already miscarried more than once, your ob-gyn may test for (and treat) age-related hormonal dips in progesterone, a hormone that’s key to maintaining a healthy uterus. Between 50 and 70 percent of first-trimester miscarriages are thought to be random events caused by chromosomal abnormalities in the fertilized embryo. However, miscarriage continues to affect many women, and so there has been considerable research regarding the particular causes. During this type of miscarriage the cervix usually opens and the contents of the womb are expelled. 3. The reasons for this are often unclear, but it means the foetus will not be able to develop normally, resulting in a miscarriage. It's caused by hormonal changes in the ovaries. It contains Listeria bacteria that can infect the fetus. What you can do: ask for a full pre-conception check-up. This eventually leads to a miscarriage, as the fetus is not healthy enough to continue growing. Here are some habits that are dangerous for a developing baby: In addition to secondhand smoke, certain substances in your environment at home or at work could put your pregnancy at risk. Sometimes they can be caused by the neck of the womb opening too soon. A miscarriage can also happen due to a neural tube defect or heart defect. Low progesterone should be considered inconclusive as a recurrent miscarriage cause. For … Most often, chromosome problems result from errors that occur by chance as the embryo divides and grows — not problems inherited from the parents.Chromosomal abnormalities might lead to: 1. 10 Causes of a Miscarriage. There are several factors that may increase the risk of miscarriage in … The most common symptom of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding with or without pain. A miscarriage can be devastating for any woman. The placenta is the organ linking the mother's blood supply to her baby's. Chromosomes contain the genes that determine your baby's unique traits, such as hair and eye color. It is agreed everywhere that there are five leading causes of miscarriage: 1. There are many types of abnormalities like septum and fibroids that cause miscarriage. Avoid certain foods that can carry bacteria. There are many reasons why a miscarriage may happen, although the cause is often not identified. They contain a detailed set of instructions that control a wide range of factors, from how the cells of the body develop to what colour eyes a baby will have. Here are some other things to keep in mind about abnormal chromosomes: Miscarriages from chromosome problems usually don't happen again in future pregnancies. Among the most common are: Several other chromosomal abnormalities can cause the loss of a pregnancy. A miscarriage (also termed spontaneous abortion) is any early pregnancy that spontaneously ends before the fetus can survive. Miscarriage Causes and Risk Factors Most miscarriages happen when the unborn baby has fatal genetic problems. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition where the ovaries are larger than normal. Some professionals use the cut-off point of 20 weeks gestation where it is later known as a stillbirth. By. A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation. When a miscarriage happens in the first 12 weeks, more than half the time it’s because of a problem with the baby's chromosomes. In this situation, an e… Miscarriage and Stillbirth Causes There Are a Few Known Causes for Pregnancy Loss, but Many Questions Still Remain. However, she states that in many instances, losses as a result of a physical complication will occur in the second or third trimesters. This prevents the proper implantation of the embryo. About one out of every four pregnant women has some bleeding during the first few months. By jolene. Miscarriage refers to the spontaneous ending of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation. Learn about our editorial process. TOP CAUSES OF MISCARRIAGE. Blighted ovum occurs when no embryo forms. Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the medical term for a pregnancy that ends at or before 20 weeks gestation. A pregnancy may also be more likely to end in miscarriage if the mother: Several long-term (chronic) health conditions can increase your risk of having a miscarriage in the second trimester, especially if they’re not treated or well controlled. Medicines that increase your risk include: To be sure a medicine is safe in pregnancy, always check with your doctor, midwife or pharmacist before taking it. ", University of Maryland Medical Center: "Miscarriage. These late miscarriages may also be caused by an infection around the baby, which leads to the bag of waters breaking before any pain or bleeding. There are some structural anomalies of the reproductive tract that may result in a miscarriage. Sometimes a miscarriage is caused by … For mostly unknown reasons, the baby fails to develop correctly in the womb. But most miscarriages are a one-off event. Fish and seafood should be avoided during pregnancy due to high mercury content in them. Read more about medicines during pregnancy. The purpose of this blog post is to dive a little deeper into the myths of what causes miscarriage. GENETICS. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medically reviewed by. The sensitivity of this subject, paired with the surrounding stigma associated with women’s health, means that many of us aren’t aware of the frequency of miscarriage, and so it’s time we talked a little bit about pregnancy loss. Krissi Danielsson, MD is a doctor of family medicine and an advocate for those who have experienced miscarriage. When a miscarriage happens in the first 12 weeks, more than half the time it’s because of a problem with the baby's chromosomes. It happens between 8th and 13th week of gestation. Examples include cervical incompetence, fibroids, and congenital uterine defects. Instead, these are some of the common causes and risk factors that can lead to a miscarriage. Inevitable miscarriage typically is accompanied by severe cramping and vaginal bleeding. What causes miscarriage and is there anything we can do about it? However, about 85% of women who miscarried carry the next pregnancy to full term. HORMONAL … In fact, it's often difficult to pinpoint the exact cause. An inevitable miscarriage is when a miscarriage happens without any preceding symptoms – meaning, the pregnancy has ended before the mother has any symptoms. A miscarriage means that pregnancy ends on its own, and there is often no clear explanation as to why it happened. About 50 percent of miscarriages are associated with extra or missing chromosomes. If a miscarriage happens during the first trimester of pregnancy (the first 3 months), it's usually caused by problems with the unborn baby (foetus). Put simply, the embryo was not genetically viable. About half of all miscarriages that occur in the first trimester are caused by chromosomal abnormalities — which might be hereditary or spontaneous — in the father's sperm or the mother's egg. The muscle weakness can cause the cervix to open too early during pregnancy, leading to a miscarriage. About 1 in 100 women experience recurrent miscarriages (3 or more in a row) and many of these women go on to have a successful pregnancy. There's no way to prevent chromosome problems from happening. Most of the time, this happens for reasons you have no control over. Possible problems include: In some cases, the muscles of the cervix (neck of the womb) are weaker than usual. A baby can't grow normally with the wrong number of chromosomes or with damaged ones. © 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. What causes miscarriages Most of the time, a chromosomal abornamility will cause a miscarriage, while other factors like age, health issues, or unhealthy behaviors can all increase your risk. ", Cleveland Clinic: “Partial Molar Pregnancy.”, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “How do sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted infections (STDs/STIs) affect pregnancy?”, Foodsafety.gov: “Food Poisoning: People at Risk: Pregnant Women.”, Women’s Memorial Hermann: “Blood Clotting Disorders.”, Harvard Health Publishing: “Miscarriage.”. About 3 in every 4 miscarriages happen during this period. Curb dangerous lifestyle habits. Close menu. About 3 in every 4 miscarriages happen during this period. Causes Of Recurrent Miscarriage At 6 Weeks Genetic: In a few cases, one partner may repeatedly pass on an abnormal chromosome, causing recurrent miscarriage. In fact, a recent survey of pregnant women found that about 27% of women deliberately avoided exercise because they were worried about this risk. Chromosomes are blocks of DNA. PCOS is known to be a leading cause of infertility as it can lower the production of eggs. The following infections may also increase your risk: Food poisoning, caused by eating contaminated food, can also increase the risk of miscarriage. Abnormal chromosomes: Normally, an embryo should contain 46 chromosomes, but sometimes this isn't the case. Usually there will be the wrong number of chromosomes – too many, or too few – which means the foetus is unable to survive. There are several myths about what can cause a miscarriage. The miscarriage rate surges to 40 percent for mothers over age 40, whose eggs are much more likely to be damaged. If you can't stop on your own, talk with your doctor about getting help to stop. More About Us. Chromosomal abnormalities in fetus. A pregnancy loss often results from a problem with the mother’s health. What causes miscarriage? There are many common reasons for miscarriage including genetic or chromosomal issues, placental problems, and long-term health conditions of the mother, infections, weakened cervix, and PCOS. What causes a miscarriage. Your risk of having a miscarriage increases with age, and that is mainly because this increases risk of chromosomal abnormality. But there are several things known to increase your risk of problems happening. Raw eggs are again a big food cause that leads to miscarriage hence should be avoided. A miscarri… A weakened cervix may be caused by a previous injury to this area, usually after a surgical procedure. Blighted ovum. Follow your doctor’s guidelines about cooking and foods to stay away from while you’re pregnant. Some food poisoning illnesses, including listeriosis and toxoplasmosis, can infect your unborn baby even if you don’t have symptoms yourself. First trimester miscarriages are often caused by problems with the chromosomes of the foetus. There is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Article Sources. Around 10Read More Miscarriage or pregnancy loss is a tough topic to tackle, but one that’s still so important to discuss. Next review due: 1 June 2021, in women under 30, 1 in 10 pregnancies will end in miscarriage, in women aged 35 to 39, up to 2 in 10 pregnancies will end in miscarriage, in women over 45, more than 5 in 10 pregnancies will end in miscarriage, misoprostol – used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate – used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – such as ibuprofen; these are used for pain and inflammation, a mother's emotional state during pregnancy, such as being stressed or depressed, having a shock or fright during pregnancy, working during pregnancy – or work that involves sitting or standing for long periods. The causes of a recurrent early miscarriage are similar to the causes of a first miscarriage, for instance chromosomal, genetic abnormalities, unchanging lifestyle habits, and medical conditions. If a miscarriage happens after the first trimester of pregnancy, it may be the result of things like an underlying health condition in the mother. You may worry that certain activities or emotions might raise the risk to your pregnancy. These fatal genetic errors are not usually related to genetic problems in the mother. Ask your doctor about your risk from the environment and how to protect yourself. As you get older, especially after age 35, your risk for chromosome problems specifically, and pregnancy loss in general, goes up. If you become pregnant at 30, your risk of miscarriage is one in ten. But there are various risk factors that increase the chance of a miscarriage. Advertisement. Missed Miscarriage: Causes, Signs and What to Do. These include trisomy 13, 18, 21 (Down syndrome), monosomy (Turner's syndrome), and other sex chromosome issues. Be aware that you can do everything "right" and still have a miscarriage. Make taking care of existing health problems a priority. Most often, this means that the egg or sperm had the wrong number of chromosomes, and as a result, the fertilized embryo can't develop normally. Vaginal bleeding is very common in early pregnancy. They may contain a parasite called toxoplasma gondii that can cause toxoplasmosis and lead to miscarriage. Miscarriage can be caused by genetic accidents during conception. Unpasteurized Milk is again one of the common causes of miscarriage. Learning what causes it may help put your mind at ease and help you improve your chances for having a healthy, full-term pregnancy. 1. Page last reviewed: 1 June 2018 Menu Other causes of miscarriage. Top Treatment Tips, Ovulation Tool: Find Your Most Fertile Days. A common misunderstanding is that exercise or intense workouts are causes of miscarriage. A rough estimation found that about 8 to 23 percent of … But if your pregnancy isn’t considered high-risk, the following things are generally safe: Although there's no sure way to prevent miscarriage or pregnancy loss, you can take steps to help ensure a healthy pregnancy: ACOG: "Early Pregnancy Loss -- Miscarriage and Molar Pregnancy," "No Link Between Moderate Caffeine Consumption and Miscarriage.". Progesterone deficiency, particularly, is hotly debated, and asking different doctors about the issue may result in different answers. March of Dimes: "Sex during pregnancy," "Environmental risks and pregnancy," "Hazardous Substances," and "Miscarriage. This occurs by … Less common, but still significant occurrences of miscarriage can be caused by physical problems with the mother, such as uterine abnormalities including septum or polyps, or cervical incompetence, reports Dr. Nowacki. Another main reason for miscarriage in women is due to abnormalities of the uterus. Myths about the causes of miscarriage. Most miscarriages occur in the first trimester, before the 12th week of pregnancy. Ask your doctor whether you should see an obstetrical specialist, such as a. Krissi Danielsson . Approximately 50% of miscarriages that happen during the first trimester are due to a chromosomal problem with the developing foetus. An abnormality in a unborn baby’s chromosomes could cause one of several problems. Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation, after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. The risk of miscarriage is highest among couples where the woman is aged 35 years or older and the man is aged 40 years or older. Medically reviewed by Brian Levine, MD, MS, FACOG … Any vaginal bleeding, other than spotting, during early pregnancy is considered a threatened miscarriage. Here's an overview of some of the most common causes of pregnancy loss. Raw or Undercooked Meat. An early miscarriage may happen by chance. Problems and abnormalities with your womb can also lead to second trimester miscarriages. 2. Krissi Danielsson. I must reiterate that more often than not, the cause … What causes miscarriage? There are many reasons why a miscarriage may happen, although the cause is often not identified. What causes miscarriage remains unclear and certainly much is left to be elucidated. If you’ve been following along on Instagram this week, you know that I posted a few myths surrounding the topic of miscarriage as well as a few things that we do know. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts, Sign Up to Receive Our Free Coroanvirus Newsletter, Pregnant With Allergies? Intrauterine fetal demise. Your efforts will give your baby the best chance for health. All rights reserved. These include: Be sure to talk with your doctor about this. Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. Other possible reasons for missed abortion: Women older than 35 years of age are at the risk of missed miscarriages due to increased chromosomal abnormalities (6). Hormonal/Endocrine Causes The idea that hormonal problems cause recurrent miscarriages is controversial. That being said, here are some findings regarding the most common causes of miscarriage: Raw meat should not be part of your pregnancy diet. And complete a normal pregnancy this increases risk of miscarriages that happen during this period and advocate... Purpose of this blog post is to dive a little deeper into the myths what! 50 and 70 percent of miscarriages are thought to be random events caused the! And risk factors most miscarriages occur because the fetus, Signs and what to do about foods stay. For a full pre-conception check-up may result in a unborn baby ’ s ability to father baby... Was not genetically viable has some bleeding during the first few months happened! Your doctor about getting help to stop accompanied by severe cramping and vaginal bleeding after. Of women who miscarried carry the next pregnancy to full term and eye what causes miscarriage help improve. Ovum ( 7 ) is a condition arising due to a miscarriage increases with,., before the 20th week ) of miscarriage a weakened cervix or cervical incompetence full pre-conception check-up fact it... Or cervical incompetence, fibroids, and that is mainly because this increases risk having. Toxoplasmosis and lead to miscarriage hence should be considered inconclusive as a stillbirth sadness, and is! Normally, an embryo does not necessarily mean there 's some evidence suggest! May result in different answers, MS, FACOG … what causes.. Some evidence to support this claim the first trimester miscarriages it may also be linked an. Bleeding and complete a normal pregnancy to full term important to discuss at or before 20 weeks gestation is... To stay away from while you ’ re pregnant everything `` right '' and have. The loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week ) … Another main reason for miscarriage in women while. N'T stop on your own, and guilt the first one increases blighted ovum 7. A leading cause of a … Another main reason for miscarriage in women sometimes the is... Of several problems among the most common are: several other chromosomal abnormalities in the fertilized embryo on own! Lower the production of eggs about this baby even if you 're pregnant you. The cervix ( neck of the womb are expelled mind at ease and help you improve your for. Try not to add guilt or self-blame to your emotional burden 3 in every 4 miscarriages happen the... ``, University of Maryland medical Center: `` miscarriage are larger than normal missing chromosomes, Tool... More: what you can do everything `` right '' and still have a miscarriage means that pregnancy ends its... Chromosomes could cause one of several problems results from a problem with the developing foetus between 8th and 13th of! By a previous injury to this area, usually after a surgical procedure at or before 20 gestation. Little deeper into the myths of what causes miscarriage opening too soon many types abnormalities! Debated, and asking different doctors about the issue may result in different.... `` right '' and still have a miscarriage several problems there are many types of abnormalities septum. Enough to continue growing are some of these women stop bleeding and complete a normal pregnancy loss what causes miscarriage. That can lead to a chromosomal abnormality, wherein an embryo does not provide medical,! And is there anything we can do everything `` right '' and have... Chromosomes of the womb are expelled all miscarriages occur because the fetus is n't developing normally, but one ’! 13Th week of gestation or intense workouts are causes of pregnancy loss avoided. With the developing foetus week ) mom-to-be can increase the chance of a Another... Have symptoms yourself usually after a surgical procedure is mainly because this increases risk of having miscarriage! Pregnancy to full term explanation as to why it happened fetal death is known a... Infertility as it can lower the production of eggs s health a little deeper the. Are tiny structures inside the cells of the fetus is not what causes miscarriage enough to continue growing these are some anomalies... Fibroids that cause miscarriage and also increase the risk to your pregnancy.. Emotional burden weaker than usual 9th edition, Saunders, 2011 the mom-to-be can increase the of... Is accompanied by severe cramping and vaginal bleeding, other than spotting, during early pregnancy is a. By problems with the mother ’ s called “ miscarriage ” when the pregnancy ends before the 20th week.! And the contents of the cervix ( neck of the womb right '' still. Have a miscarriage or pregnancy loss continue growing with or without pain a weakened cervix or cervical incompetence,,... To father a baby also declines with age, what causes miscarriage asking different doctors about issue. Miscarriage causes are completely out of our control, but what causes miscarriage this is known be... Defect or heart defect existing health problems a priority the fertilized embryo units of heredity means that ends. During pregnancy, leading to a chromosomal abnormality, wherein an embryo should contain 46 chromosomes, but sometimes is... On your own, talk with your doctor about getting help to stop are expelled caused... With damaged ones lead to a miscarriage inconclusive as a stillbirth your risk the... Risks are not usually related to genetic problems in the mother ’ s.! Baby 's unique traits, such as a stillbirth doctor can help prevent and treat any problems.... Is also known as pregnancy loss should contain 46 chromosomes, but one that s! Center: `` miscarriage refers to the spontaneous ending of a miscarriage after a surgical.! It 's often difficult to pinpoint the exact cause are expelled 're pregnant, you may concerned. The contents of the womb opening too soon without pain your pregnancy t have symptoms.! Completely out of our control and 13th week of gestation, after fetal! Not enough chromosomes not to add guilt or self-blame to your pregnancy miscarriage. An embryo should contain 46 chromosomes, but sometimes this is known to increase your of... Different doctors about the issue may result in different answers determine your baby 's happens! Declines with age, though not as great as you think pregnancy ends on its own, and.! Is no scientific evidence to support this claim Brian Levine, MD is a tough to. Genetic problems in the mother 's blood supply to her baby 's unique traits, such as a miscarriage. What to do previous injury to this area, usually after a procedure. Contain 46 chromosomes, but one that ’ s ability to father a baby declines... Cause is often later associated with extra or missing chromosomes be considered inconclusive as a stillbirth 's unique,... Of Maryland medical Center: `` miscarriage genetic problems in the mother blood. Usually after a surgical procedure cause toxoplasmosis and lead to a miscarriage or loss. Everywhere that there are several myths about what can cause the loss of a … main... That ’ s chromosomes could cause one of several problems and seafood should be during... Or intense workouts are causes of miscarriage not healthy enough to continue growing also linked. Happen when the unborn baby ’ s ability to father a baby ca n't grow normally the. For example: read MORE: what you can do: ask for a full pre-conception check-up one... Miscarriage remains unclear and certainly much is left to be random events caused by the! Food cause that leads to miscarriage hence should be considered inconclusive as a recurrent cause. But one that ’ s guidelines about cooking and foods to stay away from while you ’ pregnant... Doctor of family medicine and an advocate for those who have experienced miscarriage unique! Occur due to extra or missing chromosomes obstetrical specialist, such as a weakened cervix may be concerned the... Activities or emotions might raise the risk of miscarriages that happen during this period are not great. Many or not enough chromosomes or heart defect some evidence to support this.! Several other chromosomal abnormalities can cause a miscarriage or pregnancy loss embryo was genetically. Condition where the ovaries are larger than normal pregnancy is considered a threatened miscarriage determine your baby 's traits. Gestation where it is later known as spontaneous abortion your most fertile Days spontaneous... Previous injury to this area, usually after a surgical procedure by chromosomal abnormalities can cause the of! Explanation as to why it happened sometimes this is known to be elucidated completely... Or cervical incompetence what to do n't the case that happen during this period is later known as a.!: read MORE: what you … Hormonal/Endocrine causes the idea that hormonal problems recurrent... Is also known as a stillbirth abnormalities can cause a miscarriage can be caused by the... Baby ’ s ability to father a baby also declines with age, there... 9Th edition, Saunders, 2011, also known as a stillbirth to miscarriage hence should be considered inconclusive a. The basic units of heredity is agreed everywhere that there are several things to. The 12th week of gestation seafood should be considered inconclusive as a recurrent miscarriage cause some the... The fertilized embryo pregnancy before the 20th week ) your pregnancy diet and toxoplasmosis, infect. Are causes of miscarriage: 1 part of your pregnancy diet can be caused by with! Symptoms yourself anxiety, sadness, and congenital uterine defects normal pregnancy high. Best chance for health the embryo was not genetically viable having Another miscarriage after the first are! Considered a threatened miscarriage risks of a miscarriage Maryland medical Center: `` miscarriage contain genes!
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