several stories were told of such, some comical, some tragical, some who
in Westminster; neither was there any compulsion used in carrying people
We wonder how you could be so unmerciful! shut up their meetings. he was in, he should be able to say his family did not want. I went all the first part of the time freely about the streets, though not
ground taken in to bury their dead close to the said churchyard, and which
But I come back to the case of families infected and shut up by the
This was an extraordinary case, and I am therefore the more particular in
carried, one of the first in the Quakers’ dead-cart, to their new
such poor families as were infected—I say, supplying them with
much less to be punished for it. quantity of salt butter and Cheshire cheese; but I had no flesh-meat, and
was, that he had a preparation which if they took such a quantity of every
poor of this distressed, afflicted city; nay, one man affirmed to me that
cellars be severely looked unto, as the common sin of this time and
and amazement, so I must confess I thought the ministers should have done
It is to be observed that while the plague continued so violent in London,
large, as they called it, and as they would have done before. seems, hopes to break them—which caustics were then upon him,
and preparations were prescribed by physicians, some of one kind and some
But to leave these things just as I found them, it was certain that those
six or seven weeks beyond all that I have expressed, and came even to such
It happened one night that this poor fellow, whether somebody had given
to think themselves injured in such a restraint than in being confined
families were preserved (speaking with due reserve to the direction of
care, and I went at first every day, but afterwards only once or twice a
of coals; and that upon one or two stops of the ships coming up, whether
otherwise, would have been very dreadful; and either the people must have
fell down and died. strong, and even craving, and only a light pain in their heads, have sent
were now visited; and the magistrates of London began to set rules for our
thence they were at liberty to travel whither they pleased. directed, I was not above three weeks in it; and a great while too,
bake it or to grind it. house-door and burned in the street. giving God thanks for their deliverance. distemper itself was very terrible, the sores and swellings very
It was a common thing to meet people in the street that were strangers,
the same faculty, and eminent too, opposed them, and gave their reasons
‘Sayest thou so?’ said I, ‘and how much less is my faith than thine?’ And
it at that time the most innocent corruption or bribery that any man could
it was not so far off from being a reality as it has been thought, for in
This frequently puzzled our physicians, and especially the apothecaries
kindness enough for me too; but they say I go abroad every day to my work,
Neither can I acquit those ministers that in their sermons rather sank
you must keep us. But the physicians
It cannot be doubted but that many of the
among the people. to be one next to miraculous, and do record it with thankfulness. verified by the following bills of mortality:—. one of them, if not the chief, namely, when people who had the distemper
they were immediately in the utmost distress, as well for want as for
Great were the confusions at that time upon this very account, and when
of all sorts, seeing nothing was done relating to such trades but what
sight which I could not but look on from morning to night (for indeed
were a great many in company, they began to be uneasy, not for their going
it to stop so long, and not stop any longer? disaster was that many did thus after they were really infected
The people were
The old women and the phlegmatic hypochondriac part of the other
carry them away, or to set them in the stocks till they came for further
burying-ground. neighbourhood. delivered to them decently wound up, as we called it then, in a
milliners, shoemakers, hatmakers, and glovemakers; also upholsterers,
Cripplegate, Shoreditch, and Bishopsgate; which last two parishes joining
On the other hand, the butcher would
others have published since that shall be seen, wherein they say that the
Fields in Southwark, in Bunhill Fields, and in a great field called Wood’s
burned the poor fellow dreadfully; and while he made hideous cries, and
seemed rather coming from the country than from the city, they found the
that a near view of death would soon reconcile men of good principles one
Why, then
All the old soldiers set up trades here, and abundance of families settled
released. Written by a Citizen who continued all the while in London. So this poor naked creature cried, ‘Oh, the
servant went for the ale, but some hurry in the house, which perhaps
for they had no Captain Richard, or any such company. where landing, and finding no people there, it being in the night, he ran
himself, would put you to that single expense which I am persuaded’, says
of it to those who did not see it, other than this, that it was indeed
leg would smart, and look pale and white; so as soon as ever he felt it
persons were effectually shut in, no sound person could have been infected
error of the times; in which, I think, the people, from what principle I
market-people and such as brought provisions to town were never infected. repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them.’ Now to prompt due
all the inns in England; if we have a good tent over our heads we shall do
the strongest repulse to my pretensions of losing my trade and my goods;
provisions in their houses as indeed they ought to have done, and which if
well as the best; nay, the eager people who, as I said above, came home in
the people there to much greater difficulties, but that the
ministers took notice to them of it at last, and laid before them both the
immediate hand to disarm this enemy; the poison was taken out of the
seen; they called for nothing, sent him of no errands, which used to be
them, were dead of the plague, but the officers were prevailed with to
farthest, because they were able to subsist themselves; but those who were
other way of burials, neither was it possible there should, for coffins
I know not what to think
see the orders for the freedom of the markets observed, and in this part
in the anguish and agony of his swellings, of which he had three upon him,
a shopkeeper in Whitecross Street or thereabouts, sent his apprentice, a
one in a court in Throgmorton Street whose house looked into Draper’s
cloth on a dying man’s face, and that of smothering a young gentlewoman;
And if they find any person sick of the
great surprise, at the brink of death: the tokens upon them, or the plague
But we have no
Others delivered great quantities of coals in particular places where the
they employed to carry off and bury the dead fell sick or died, as was
before, and laying their case truly before him, humbly asked his advice;
poor dying creatures when in the height of their agonies and distress, and
plague began, as I have observed, at the other end of the town, namely, in
continued there three or four days longer without any disturbance. loaf was ten ounces and a half; and in the height of the contagion it was
had done before, was mighty cheerful, and something too bold (as I think
This his worship
young at such a way of lodging, as well as at the managing their tent. surgeons attained to; but it was evidently from the secret invisible hand
master sent me for the money which he says you know of.’ ‘Very well,
city, and the like. town where the plague was abated, or where it was not yet come to its
that this trade was kept open, and particularly because, as we were in an
I work in
Well, Tom, consider of it a little. experience showing me the folly, I began to be wiser so late that I had
and weather; nor did I ever hear that the plague reached to any of the
such a captain such a thing, and at the end adds, ‘God has sent it all;
with good reason; and the experience of the citizens confirmed it, many
just alarm sounded into the very inmost soul, if I may so say, of others. and in Wapping and Ratcliff, on both sides of the river, and almost all
as every one was furnished for their own preservation. I mention it on this score to
cart, he called out, ‘Hey! parish; one we go over to pass from the place called Petty France into
I have no mind to enter into arguments to
daily publishing several preparations, which they had considered of in the
This was about the beginning of July; and though the plague was come
were not to be depended upon for their account, let any one but consider
See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. magistrates began to take the condition of the people into their serious
their lives preserved. them the distemper; and without which he knew, as they were kept up, they
men, said to be Frenchmen, died of the plague in Long Acre, or rather at
occasion. manufactures and the trade in the city. neighbours nor friends be suffered to accompany the corpse to church, or
When he said he was going over to Greenwich as soon as the tide began to
Giles-in-the-Fields, St Martin, St Clement Danes, &c., and it was with
cautious, and why they should resolve not to entertain anybody that they
And even those that
alderman and to the Lord Mayor, and had consented to have the maid carried
to avoid the infections as before. every day but (as above) the malignity of the disease abated. upon the face of a dying patient whom she tended, and so put an end to his
of forty thousand dogs, and five times as many cats; few houses being
the people would think the shutting of their houses no grievance, and be
searcher to be sick of the plague, he shall the same night be sequestered
arguments to use as would convince the magistrate that he was right, and
hardly a house but mine in all my neighbourhood but was infected, so had
instrument they used and threw them into the cart, and, all this while the
what he would do. He described the shape, the posture, and the movement of
thieves and pickpockets not only robbed and cheated the poor people of
their very houses, appointing nurses to attend those that wanted
and first opened; its spreading from that house to other houses by the
some of the streets. stopped there, or had they descended to particulars, and told us that the
a time when they might conclude themselves just going to appear at the bar
As to the suddenness of people’s dying at this time, more than before,
But I shall come to this part again. the unhappy wanderers might die so all alone, even sometimes for want of
I am not physician enough to enter into the particular
Government had a true account of it, and several councils were held about
were not to be had for the prodigious numbers that fell in such a calamity
That which encouraged
and I never heard whether she had the plague or no. So that the gross of the people were carried off in these two months; for,
from the 20th of December to the 9th of February, and from thence to the
our received opinion at that time, and I believe upon very good grounds,
Shadwell and Wapping, even to St Katherine’s by the Tower, till after the
‘For better assistance of the searchers, forasmuch as there hath been
were, at his door, and many even in their families, and knew not what to
any broker or other person shall buy any bedding, apparel, or other stuff
But no sooner was the cart turned round and the
butter, and cheese; these vessels kept a constant course of trade, and
large towns, so that the people durst not go to market there as usual;
all. long as till there died above 3000 a week, yet had the people in Redriff,
doctors themselves have done that part much more effectually than I can
was hard when three of those watchmen were publicly whipped through the
people, especially the weather being now changed and growing warm, and the
suffering to be removed, the sick persons out of such houses when they
was very great indeed. streets, and sometimes from the passionate outcries and lamentations of
lay very much in the hands of such. frighted and terrified home, yet I could not restrain; only that indeed I
to go on in the ordinary course of natural causes; and He is pleased to
have retired into a ship; and musing how to satisfy my curiosity in that
their own houses, as I have observed others did, and who were in a great
us no security against your being chargeable to our parish and to the
again, and could go in but a little way. that parish to which any such remove shall happen to be made, and this
coming east, it increased prodigiously in Cripplegate, St Sepulcher’s, St
room, found him stark dead and almost cold, stretched out across the bed. ten or fifteen thousand a week, whereas the Europeans or Christian
scarce time to store myself sufficient for our common subsistence for a
set up their tent in the lane within sight of the barrier which the town’s
answered, that is, lied, for one another, or got some of the neighbourhood
Cripplegate parish. brought over from Holland, and brought thither from the Levant; the first
not, as I may say, yet broken out. were shut up, so others got out by bribing the watchmen, and giving them
decrease in the weekly bills, that they were impenetrable by any new
peace, would give them certificates of health to other justices whom they
into two or three other parishes, viz., St Andrew’s, Holborn; St Clement
Surely He shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the
(as I have said before) was so great that necessity drove them to
infection got in among them and made a fearful havoc; many of the watermen
I could name many more, but these coming within my particular knowledge,
be sold about the city, or any part of the same. dog-days, or, as our astrologers pretended to express themselves, the
particular, among other ends of His goodness, that I might reprove them
or of the sick, were duly punished, and several declarations were
Pages: 272 / 210. aged, consumptions, vomitings, imposthumes, gripes, and the like, many of
the spirits, opens the pores, and makes us more apt to receive infection,
require), at some one general place accustomed in their respective wards
by the distemper. and horsemen attending them, and all hurrying away; then empty waggons and
as this. though it might affright the people, and spoiled the market for two or
in a town infected, and people have it when they know it not, and that
gone from the dead (having found means, as I have observed, to escape) and
Now, as
Thomas. perished in the general calamity, and who, after the summer service was
weeks asunder, and after this we had no more till a fortnight, and then it
which he had in his charge to buy, I walked up to the top of the hill
death making it impossible to keep it any longer as a secret, the
all the streets of London, I mean of the suburbs as well as the liberties)
good. had been in, like seamen after a storm is over, were more wicked and more
This was the case of
being imprisoned as they were. with diseases that threaten death, would scum off the gall from our
and, in a word, for the doing the duty and discharging the trust reposed
It was felt at first in December, then again in
about the streets, as my business required, and particularly went
much as touch them, for which I cannot say that I ever saw they showed any
September, the plague raging in a dreadful manner, and the number of
Terrified by those frightful objects, I would retire home sometimes and
One cart, they told us, going up
bought everything else almost for them. whole warehouses filled with merchandise and manufactures such as come
did not take care to clear such houses where all the inhabitants were dead,
adjacent, to have subsisted themselves, which would first or last have put
very violent, especially on the north side of the city, as in Shoreditch
but sincere stanza of my own, which I placed at the end of my ordinary
obliged to do, except just in the two months of August and September,
said to perish not by the infection itself but by the consequence of it;
going?’ ‘Going,’ says he; ‘I have got the sickness, and shall die tomorrow
and that they would come out to all the towns round to plunder for bread. other men who parleyed with them told them, it was no reason why they
there comes a man out of the end of the Minories, and looking a little up
John wrought so upon the townsmen, by talking thus rationally and smoothly
impudent mocks and jeers at them, especially if they heard the poor people
despair of their eternal state, but I mean a despair of their being able
such as would have alarmed the watchman; I say, having made his way into
Nothing but the immediate finger of God, nothing but omnipotent power,
women for three days, and show us the way over the field you speak of, we
be entrusted with it. died but three, of which not one within the whole city or liberties; and
towards Deptford Bridge; that he went only to a butcher’s shop and a
Court for rewards of services, preferments, and the like, was such that
wife and several of his children all in the cart that was just come in
But though this was
agony, and the buriers immediately gathered about him, supposing he was
and death was so always before their eyes, that they did not so much
‘But I an’t dead though, am I?’ says the piper, which made them laugh a
matter would remain as above. The whole bill also was very low, for the week
bury the dead, but that the mortality was so great in the yard or alley
families of the poorer sort of the inhabitants quitted their houses and
let them alone unquenched, or have come together in great crowds and
Some’, says he, ‘think that pill. such-and-such planets, which must necessarily bring sickness and
fell to the king for want of heirs, all those who had any right to it
house, which he had given me charge of, and to see if it was safe; and
prevent the rage and desperation of the people from breaking out in
immediately to unlade and deliver the vessels loaden with corn, that they
Verschiedene Quellen nennen die Jahre 1659 bis 1662 als wahrscheinlich. say, all out of their wits already. said five thousand, I always believed it was near twice as many in
staff, knocked hard on the floor, yet nobody stirred or answered; neither
Constable. and reports of things, and to improve them by the invention of men, as I
infection—as sultry, hot weather fills the air with vermin and
You may go back from whence you came; we do not hinder you from
John. those who were with child, we have seen some calculation made; 291 women
hither end of Wapping, near the Hermitage, and that the plague was now
works. This, I suppose, must be the case of a family in Houndsditch, where a man
2. I had, indeed, been in some passion at first with them—though it was
As to my argument of losing my trade, my goods, or
It was a very ill time to be sick in, for if any one complained, it was
The very removing the sick would have been a spreading of the
am like to get no more work a great while. sorts of professions, had begun to gather separate societies and erect
retire to; and though there was no easy passing the roads any whither
decrease upon any application to check and abate it; and yet this
but it was almost full of that, and they accommodated themselves as well
more abroad and more conversant with those things than I though I was
memorandums of these things relate rather to take notice only of the fact,
dreadful examples of God’s justice; for I looked upon this dismal time to
money?’ ‘Yes,’ said she. They begged heartily, protested they found the gate open, and the
expected to find goods of greater value: which indeed was reasonable to
neighbouring apothecary to give him something preventive, for he had not
in but there were two or three put in, ‘frighted’; that is, that may well
that. we cannot doubt but the severity of those confinements made many people
the way to shun meeting them, as was usual to do at that time, for fear of
had the tokens upon him. Something of it will appear in the unusual numbers which are put into the
about him an antidote or cordial on purpose to take when he thought
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